![]() ![]() Baudelaire, Balzac and Zola were found in the libraries of most young Turks. The literature that grew from this other past was decidedly modern, and its inspiration came from 19th-century and early 20th-century Europe, especially from France. Though the Ottoman rulers had begun to become westernised, the new nation presented itself in opposition to the Ottoman past in policies, dress, writing, manners and speech, and Atatürk himself sought in neglected local traditions a different history from the one the Ottoman rulers had long chosen. T he invention of Turkey in 1923 by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his fellow officers entailed an imaginative severing from its Ottoman roots. ![]()
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