![]() ![]() ![]() The "Copernican Revolution" is named for Nicolaus Copernicus, whose Commentariolus, written before 1514, was the first explicit presentation of the heliocentric model in Renaissance scholarship. Beginning with the publication of Nicolaus Copernicus’s De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, contributions to the “revolution” continued until finally ending with Isaac Newton’s work over a century later. This revolution consisted of two phases the first being extremely mathematical in nature and the second phase starting in 1610 with the publication of a pamphlet by Galileo. ![]() The Copernican Revolution was the paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens, which described the cosmos as having Earth stationary at the center of the universe, to the heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the Solar System. At right, traditional geocentric motion, including the retrograde motion of Mars.įor simplicity, Mars' period of revolution is depicted as 2 years instead of 1.88, and orbits are depicted as perfectly circular or epitrochoid. At left, Copernicus' heliocentric motion. Motion of Sun (yellow), Earth (blue), and Mars (red). ![]()
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